Suchergebnisse

Dopo una breve introduzione sui secolari rapporti tra Spagna e Italia, il saggio presenta un esame sommario della Costituzione di Cadice e si sofferma poi sulla situazione italiana agli inizi della Restaurazione, analizzando in dettaglio e in profondità il caso del Regno delle Due Sicilie e del Regno di Sardegna dal punto di vista politico e sociale, spiegando come la Costituzione di Cadice fosse divenuta la parola d'ordine del movimento patriottico italiano. Il testo continua indicando come l'insurrezione costituzionale spagnola del 1820 abbia costituito il detonatore della rivoluzione di Napoli dello stesso anno, e mette in luce le reazioni della società napoletana al nuovo regime politico, soffermandosi sul dibattito culturale e politico che si svolse sulla stampa. Si passa poi alla rivoluzione piemontese, mettendo nuovamente in risalto come l'insieme dei patrioti decidesse di adottare la Costituzione di Cadice dopo molte accese discussioni, e come infine la rivoluzione fallisse da un lato per la condotta pusillanime del Principe Reggente Carlo Alberto, dall'altro per la sostanziale apatia e indifferenza delle classi popolari, che non scorgevano alcun possibile vantaggio materiale immediato in un nuovo sistema politico. Infine l'Autore, che vuole qui sottolineare l'impiego di una bibliografia basata essenzialmente su fonti contemporanee e di testimoni oculari, conclude l'opera tracciando un parallelo tra patrioti spagnoli e italiani, uniti nel comune destino della lotta per la libertà e l'indipendenza. ; Tras una breve introducción sobre las seculares relaciones entre España e Italia, el presente ensayo ofrece un somero recorrido de la Constitución de Cádiz y se detiene en la situación italiana a comienzos de la Restauración, examinando detenida y profundamente los casos del Reino de las Dos Sicilias y del Reino de Cerdeña desde el punto de vista político y social. Se explica cómo la Constitución de Cádiz se convirtió en la consigna del movimiento patriótico italiano. Se plantea cómo la insurrección constitucional española de 1820 constituyó el detonador de la revolución de Nápoles ese mismo año. Las reacciones de la sociedad napolitana ante el nuevo régimen político, haciendo hincapié en el debate cultural y político reflejado en la prensa, son también objeto de consideración. Respecto a la revolución piamontesa, se muestra cómo, de nuevo, el bando patriota llegó a la decisión de adoptar la Constitución de Cádiz tras encendidas discusiones, y cómo la revolución finalmente fracasó debido a la pusilánime conducta del Príncipe Regente Carlo Alberto y a la sustancial apatía de las clases populares, que no percibían ventaja material inmediata alguna en un nuevo sistema político. Utilizando esencialmente fuentes primarias y testimonios de la época, se establece un paralelo entre los patriotas españoles y los italianos, unidos en el destino común de la lucha por la libertad y la independencia. ; After a short introduction on the centuries-old relationships between Spain and Italy, this essay offers a brief analysis of the 'Cadiz Constitution', completed with some remarks about Italy at the beginning of the Restoration period, offering a detailed, in-depth study of the kingdoms of Sardinia and the Two Sicilies. A revision of the political and social situation in both states, opens the way to an explanation of how the 'Cadiz Constitution' became the watchword of the Italian patriotic movement. The study shows how the 1820 Spanish constitutional insurrection triggered the Naples revolution that same year. It goes on delving on how the Neapolitan society reacted to the new political regime, emphasizing the cultural and political debate covered by the press. As for the Turin revolution, evidence is offered of how the patriotic faction reached the decision of adopting the 'Cadiz Constitution' only after heated dispute, and also of how the revolution eventually failed. This was due to the coward conduct of the Prince Regent, Carlo Alberto, and the substantial indifference of the low classes, who identified no immediate material advantage in a new political system. Drawing mainly on primary sources as well as on information provided by contemporary eyewitnesses, a parallel is drawn between Spanish and Italian patriots, united in the common destiny of fighting for freedom and independence.

After a short introduction on the centuries-old relationships between Spain and Italy, this essay offers a brief analysis of the 'Cadiz Constitution', completed with some remarks about Italy at the beginning of the Restoration period, offering a detailed, in-depth study of the kingdoms of Sardinia and the Two Sicilies. A revision of the political and social situation in both states, opens the way to an explanation of how the 'Cadiz Constitution' became the watchword of the Italian patriotic movement. The study shows how the 1820 Spanish constitutional insurrection triggered the Naples revolution that same year. It goes on delving on how the Neapolitan society reacted to the new political regime, emphasizing the cultural and political debate covered by the press. As for the Turin revolution, evidence is offered of how the patriotic faction reached the decision of adopting the 'Cadiz Constitution' only after heated dispute, and also of how the revolution eventually failed. This was due to the coward conduct of the Prince Regent, Carlo Alberto, and the substantial indifference of the low classes, who identified no immediate material advantage in a new political system. Drawing mainly on primary sources as well as on information provided by contemporary eyewitnesses, a parallel is drawn between Spanish and Italian patriots, united in the common destiny of fighting for freedom and independence. ; Tras una breve introducción sobre las seculares relaciones entre España e Italia, el presente ensayo ofrece un somero recorrido de la Constitución de Cádiz y se detiene en la situación italiana a comienzos de la Restauración, examinando detenida y profundamente los casos del Reino de las Dos Sicilias y del Reino de Cerdeña desde el punto de vista político y social. Se explica cómo la Constitución de Cádiz se convirtió en la consigna del movimiento patriótico italiano. Se plantea cómo la insurrección constitucional española de 1820 constituyó el detonador de la revolución de Nápoles ese mismo año. Las reacciones de la ...

[ES] Después de algunas consideraciones sobre la situación de la Península italiana a comienzos de la Guerra de la Independencia, el autor muestra cómo la guerra fue percibida por algunos de los oficiales pertenecientes a los diversos ejércitos procedientes de Italia, ya desde el punto de vista militar, ya opinando sobre el carácter de la lucha y el amor de patria. Al examinar autores posteriores, se pone en evidencia el interés de los patriotas italianos respecto a la guerra en España por las eventuales sugerencias que de la misma se podían sacar. ; [EN] After some considerations on the different situation of the many States of Italy at the beginning of the Peninsular war, the author reviews how the war was perceived by some Italian officers who fought in Spain, both from the military point of view, and from the political and theoretical lessons which could be learned from it. Passing then to more contemporary authors, the point is stressed of how these Italian patriots looked on Spain as a useful example of stubbornness and attachment to freedom and the Motherland.

Vittorio Scotti Douglas, The Spanish Guerrilla War against Napoleons Army.
After discussing the change in meaning of the Spanish word guerrilla, from the original sense of "secondary military operation conducted by small groups of soldiers" to the modern one of "armed civilian struggle against an invader/occupier and their allies", the problem raised is that of the military effectiveness of the anti-Napoleonic guerrilla war. Four aspects are reviewed : the losses inflicted by the guerrillas on the Imperial army ; the communication difficulties arising, including the obstacles put in the way of troop supplies ; finally, the need for the Imperial army to use the greater part of their forces to control the territory, thus preventing them from making use of their numerical superiority in the order of battle against the Anglo-Luso-Spanish armies. Guerrilla warfare was also a non-negligible means of bringing psychological support to the Spanish population, while the Imperial troops dreaded the prospect of being sent to Spain, where they set foot already undermined by fear.

Nel secondo decennio del XXI secolo il problema catalano continua a essere il problema spagnolo. L'idea uniforme e centralista della Spagna, nonostante l'accettazione retorica della sua diversità, fu un elemento guida delle politiche franchiste nei confronti della Catalogna. Però, nonostante la repressione esercitata in modo continuativo per combattere il "problema catalano", la dittatura non poté evitare la rinascita del catalanismo durante il tardo franchismo. L'articolo delinea le caratteristiche del catalanismo popolare egemone in quegli anni e l'influenza che acquistò nell'insieme dell'antifranchismo, il che fece sì che gli organismi unitari dell'opposizione spagnola incorporassero nel loro programma democratico il riconoscimento del diritto all'autonomia delle "nazionalità" e regioni, così come venne poi finalmente formulato nella Costituzione del 1978.